{"id":5326,"date":"2026-06-26T17:04:14","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T14:04:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/?page_id=5326"},"modified":"2026-08-26T20:32:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T17:32:00","slug":"9th-riigikogu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/history-riigikogu\/9th-riigikogu\/","title":{"rendered":"9th Riigikogu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The 9th Riigikogu represented the citizens of Estonia as the legislative power from 14 March 1999 to 21 March 2003. Its members represented seven political parties: the Estonian Centre Party, the Pro Patria Union, the Estonian Reform Party, political party &#8220;The Moderates&#8221;, the Estonian Coalition Party, the Estonian Country People\u2019s Party and the United People\u2019s Party of Estonia. 880 legislative acts were passed and the administrative, penal and civil law reforms were carried out.<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/IX-Riigikogu-koosseisu-l%C3%B5pupilt-20.-veebruar-2003-1024x687.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/IX-Riigikogu-koosseisu-l%C3%B5pupilt-20.-veebruar-2003-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Final photo of the 9th Riigikogu, 20 February 2003.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Elections<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The elections of the 9th Riigikogu were held on 7 March 1999, and 492 356, that is, 57.4% of the 857 270 Estonian citizens with the right to vote took part in them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1884 people stood as candidates for the Riigikogu, 19 of them as independent candidates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Seven political parties exceeded the 5% threshold provided for in the Riigikogu Election Act:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the Estonian Centre Party,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Pro Patria Union,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Estonian Reform Party,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>political party \u201cThe Moderates\u201d,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Estonian Coalition Party,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Estonian Country People\u2019s Party and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the United People\u2019s Party of Estonia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">57.4% of Estonian citizens with the right to vote participated in the elections of the 9th Riigikogu which meant the lowest voter turnout of the period after the restoration of independence.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Estonian Centre Party received the greatest number votes \u2013 113,378 (23.4%) \u2013 and got 28 seats in the Riigikogu. The Centre Party was popular mostly in rural areas. In the Riigikogu, the Centre Party remained in opposition. The Government was formed by the representatives of the Pro Patria Union, the Moderates and the Reform Party.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Riigikogu elected Toomas Savi from the Reform Party as the President, and Tunne Kelam from the Pro Patria Union and Siiri Oviir from the Centre Party as the Vice-Presidents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 9th Riigikogu was convened for the first sitting on 18 March 1999 and it held its last sitting on 25 February 2002. The mandate of this Riigikogu lasted from 14 March 1999 to 21 March 2003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-info is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unlike in Switzerland where many everyday issues are decided by referendum, legislative acts have been put to referendum on only two occasions in Estonia after the restoration of independence. These were the 1992 referendum on the Constitution and the 2003 referendum on Estonia\u2019s accession to the European Union.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legislation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During the term of the 9th Riigikogu, the long-prepared administrative, penal and civil law reforms were carried out, and proceedings were conducted on the Bills connected with transposition of European Union directives into the Estonian legal order and the amendment of the Constitution that was necessary for accession to the European Union was passed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 9th Riigikogu passed altogether 880 legislative acts, including 150 consolidated texts of Acts and 490 Acts on amendments, 118 Acts concerning international agreements, 110 Resolutions and 2 statements.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Important in terms of development of constitutional law was the Constitution of the Republic of Estonia Amendment Act, that was&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Paragraph 1 - Issues to be submitted to referendum 1. The Riigikogu shall submit any amendment of Chapters 1 and 15 of the Constitution to a referendum. The Riigikogu may submit other draft Acts that amend the Constitution, and other draft Acts or other national issues to a referendum. 2.  Issues regarding the budget, taxation, financial obligations of the state, ratification and denunciation of international agreements, the declaration or termination of a state of emergency, or national defence shall not be submitted to a referendum. Riigi Teataja (State Gazette)\" class=\"has-tooltip\">put to referendum<\/span>&nbsp;with a Resolution of the 9th Riigikogu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/en\/eli\/527042015001\/consolide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Referendum Act<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/en\/eli\/516032015002\/consolide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Courts Act<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/en\/eli\/507012015003\/consolide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Peace-Time National Defence Act<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/en\/eli\/513032014001\/consolide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the National Audit Office Act<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/en\/eli\/521012014004\/consolide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Constitutional Review Court Procedure Act<\/a> were passed as the most important new Acts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Among the Acts passed by the 9th Riigikogu, an important Act as regards the social guarantees system is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigiteataja.ee\/en\/eli\/523012014002\/consolide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Funded Pensions Act<\/a>, which gave people the possibility to ensure for themselves additional income supplementing the state old-age pension in retirement, that is, to create for themselves the second and the&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"The Estonian pension system relies on three pillars: I pillar: state pension, II pillar: mandatory funded pension, III pillar: supplementary funded pension.\" class=\"has-tooltip\">third pension pillars<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 9th Riigikogu passed altogether 880 legislative acts, including 150 consolidated texts of Acts and 490 Acts on amendments, 118 Acts concerning international agreements, 110 Resolutions and 2 statements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Statistics<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/VII_VIII_IXstatistikakogumik.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Statistics of the VII, VIII and IX Riigikogu (PDF, 922kB)<\/a> (in Estonian)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The 9th Riigikogu represented the citizens of Estonia as the legislative power from 14 March 1999 to 21 March 2003. Its members represented seven political parties: the Estonian Centre Party, the Pro Patria Union, the Estonian Reform Party, political party \u201cThe Moderates\u201d, the Estonian Coalition Party, the Estonian Country People\u2019s Party and the United People\u2019s Party of Estonia. 880 legislative acts were passed and the administrative, penal and civil law reforms were carried out.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":4994,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5326","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>9th Riigikogu &#8211; Riigikogu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/history-riigikogu\/9th-riigikogu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"9th Riigikogu &#8211; Riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The 9th Riigikogu represented the citizens of Estonia as the legislative power from 14 March 1999 to 21 March 2003. Its members represented seven political parties: the Estonian Centre Party, the Pro Patria Union, the Estonian Reform Party, political party \u201cThe Moderates\u201d, the Estonian Coalition Party, the Estonian Country People\u2019s Party and the United People\u2019s Party of Estonia. 880 legislative acts were passed and the administrative, penal and civil law reforms were carried out.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/history-riigikogu\/9th-riigikogu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-26T17:32:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/IX-Riigikogu-koosseisu-l%C3%B5pupilt-20.-veebruar-2003-1024x687.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/9th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/9th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"name\":\"9th Riigikogu &#8211; 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