{"id":5210,"date":"2026-06-25T12:37:27","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T09:37:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/?page_id=5210"},"modified":"2026-09-14T12:04:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T09:04:11","slug":"toompea-castle-riigikogu-building","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/visit-us\/toompea-castle\/toompea-castle-riigikogu-building\/","title":{"rendered":"Toompea Castle and Riigikogu building"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Toompea Castle complex consists of four parts. The Riigikogu building is situated in the courtyard of the Castle. In the eastern part, there are the White Hall, and the rooms of the President of the Riigikogu, the committees and parliamentary groups. In the southern and western part, there are the offices of the members of the Riigikogu. The Chamber is in the Riigikogu building. In the northern part, there are the working rooms of the Chancellery of the Riigikogu. The castle complex consists of buildings of different styles. It got its present outlook in the course of many centuries.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Riigikogu building<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After World War I, the Empires of Russia and Austria-Hungary collapsed and several new states were founded in Europe. Of these&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Which new states were founded? When the Empire of Austria-Hungary collapsed, Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were founded. When the Russian Empire collapsed, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were founded.\" class=\"has-tooltip\">new states<\/span>, the Republic of Estonia was the first who decided to build a new parliamentary building. The medieval convent building that had been burned down during the February Revolution in 1917 was chosen to be the site for the building. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-info is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Estonians built a stronghold called Lindanise at Toompea already in the 10th\u201311th century. Thus Toompea was the Estonian stronghold of power long before the arrival of the Danish conquerors.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thus, in 1920\u20131922 the Riigikogu building, designed by architects Eugen Habermann and Herbert Johanson, was erected right in the heart of the ancient Toompea stronghold. Three-storeyed building with four wings is built on medieval foundations around the trapeze-shaped inner courtyard. The outer facade of the building is decorated by three entrances, and above them, large windows of the Chamber, which are surrounded by decoration consisting of black triangles made of Finnish granite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Originally the building was designed in&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Art Nouveau or Jugend is an art and architecture style that was most popular during 1890\u20131905. It is characterised by the use of organic motifs, especially flowers and plants, and also stylized and flowing curved lines.\" class=\"has-tooltip\">Art Nouveau style<\/span>, but in the course of construction it became&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Expressionism is a movement in art, literature and music that originated in the beginning of the 20th century. The French word expression means act of expressing, indication\" class=\"has-tooltip\">Expressionist<\/span>. As far as it is known, the Riigikogu building is the only expressionist parliamentary building in the world, and in the beginning its modernism was criticised both in Estonia and abroad. The Riigikogu building was the first public building in Estonia which was designed to have electric power and where the architects connected impressive lighting solutions with&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Expressionist architecture is characterised by emotionally intensive forms and stressing of originality. Besides functionality, buildings also have symbolic value. On the one side, archaic forms are reflected in modern materials, on the other side the speed of urban life and the dynamics that reflects technology are expressed in architecture\" class=\"has-tooltip\">Expressionist architecture<\/span>.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Riigikogu_hoone_Martin_Siplane_2013-_5_1.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Riigikogu_hoone_Martin_Siplane_2013-_5_1.jpg\" alt=\"Riigikogu building\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.499267935578331;width:988px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Riigikogu building. Photo: Martin Siplane<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Convent building<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;6aafdde00ddaa&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"6aafdde00ddaa\" class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"445\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--pointerdown=\"actions.preloadImage\" data-wp-on--pointerenter=\"actions.preloadImageWithDelay\" data-wp-on--pointerleave=\"actions.cancelPreload\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Riigikogu-hoone-1920ndatel-aastatel.-Postkaart.jpg\" alt=\"Riigikogu hoone 1920ndatel aastatel. Postkaart.\" class=\"wp-image-257071\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Riigikogu-hoone-1920ndatel-aastatel.-Postkaart.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Riigikogu-hoone-1920ndatel-aastatel.-Postkaart-300x130.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Riigikogu-hoone-1920ndatel-aastatel.-Postkaart-768x334.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-bind--aria-label=\"state.thisImage.triggerButtonAriaLabel\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.thisImage.buttonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.thisImage.buttonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Riigikogu building in the 1920s. Postcard.<br>The Riigikogu building was constructed on the site of the medieval convent building that had been burned down during the February Revolution of 1917<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Riigikogu building stands on the foundations of the old convent building. The building of the Brethren or the convent measured 34\u00d739 metres, and it had been built by the knights of the Order of the Brethren of the Sword who started to fortify Toompea in the beginning of the 13th century. On the ground floor, there were storerooms and hypocaust-type furnaces for heating the rooms. Kitchen and dining hall may also have been located there. On the main floor, there were the communal rooms: meeting hall or chapterhouse and the chapel. It is though that the communal sleeping room of the knights or the dormitory was also on this floor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the Middle Ages, there were a ditch and a well for watering animals in front of the convent building. It is known from historical sources that in the 15th\u201316th century the convent building was rebuilt to be as high as the castle wall. In 1843 the convent building was reconstructed into a prison according to the design of the province architect Johann Schelbach. During the February Revolution in 1917 the crowds who had forced their way into the castle courtyard set the convent building that had been turned into the prison on fire to free the prisoners there. After Estonia became independent, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/history-of-the-riigikogu\/constituent-assembly\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"5379\">the Constituent Assembly<\/a> in&nbsp;<strong>1920 passed the decision that the building for the parliament of Estonia or Riigikogu would be built on the foundations of the convent building<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/keskaegse-konvendihoone-p%C3%B5hjasein.jpg\" alt=\"\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1.461209128888582;width:661px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">North wall of the medieval convent building (the North wall of the Riigikogu building from 1922 is in the same place)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">State Hall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the second half of the 16th century the Estonian nobility placed themselves under the protection of the King of Sweden. However, in the opinion of the Swedes, the convent building that was located in the central part of the castle complex was not suitable for a&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Renaissance (from the French word renaissance, meaning 'rebirth') was a period in the cultural history of Europe that followed the Middle Ages and lasted from the 14th to the 16th century, when the culture of ancient Greece and Rome was considered an ideal\" class=\"has-tooltip\">Renaissance<\/span>&nbsp;representative building. Therefore they decided to build a new State Hall on the western side of the castle wall. It was completed in 1589 as one of the most outstanding Renaissance buildings in Estonia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The architect of the State Hall was Hans von Aachen, who used the <a href=\"http:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/23\/Royal-Palace-Stockholm_2.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">royal castle in Stockholm<\/a> as an example. In the centre of the facade there was a two-way grand staircase decorated with obelisks on balls. On the first floor there was a large hall with log ceiling and on the outer side of the western wall, an&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"The trumpet players balcony was used by the heralds to proclaim the decisions of the governor.\" class=\"has-tooltip\">open balcony for trumpet players<\/span>. In order to get light into the hall, large windows were cut into the western wall. These windows can be seen also today. The building was completed in August 1589, and the King of Sweden Johan III and his son, the King of Poland Sigismund III met there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the eastern and southern wing of the complex were undergoing extensive reconstructions in 1935, a narrow three-storeyed dwelling house for officials was built next to the western wall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Province government building<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Toompea Palace, where the Baroque and emerging early Classicist styles merge, was constructed in 1767\u20131773 by the order of the Russian Empress Catherine II. There is a story behind it. Namely, the Empress visited the Baltic provinces in 1764, spent a night in Kadriorg Palace and fell ill because her room there did not have double-paned windows and was cold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Therefore she decided to have a more modern and magnificent representative building of the province built at Toompea. A tax which&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"What was the value of one rouble at that time? One rouble was a lot of money. For example, the Bible cost 1 rouble, and the annual income of an average manor in Estonia was 200\u2013300 roubles. In the 18th century, all males in the Russian Empire were obliged to pay 1 rouble head tax or poll tax (1794). Estonia was a part of the Russian Empire at that time, and therefore head tax was collected here, too\" class=\"has-tooltip\">ranged from 1 to 15 roubles<\/span>, depending on the rank, was imposed on the people to collect money for the building. The building was designed by architect Johann Schultz, who had settled to Estonia from Jena in Germany, and several outstanding masters took part in the construction work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The building was constructed in the eastern part of the castle. During the construction, part of the circular wall was demolished together with the tower St\u00fcr den Kerl and the State Hall. Baroque motifs dominate in the exterior design of the main facade of the Palace, but in the interior,&nbsp;<span data-tooltip=\"Early Classicism, as the name says, was the earliest period of classicism. Later this art movement was called simply Classicism. It was popular in the 17th\u201318th century and involved several forms of art. Classicism used the culture of Ancient Greece and Rome as examples, stressing spiritual harmony, clarity, simpleness and regular perfection of form.\" class=\"has-tooltip\">early Classicism<\/span>&nbsp;prevails. Because of the style chosen for it, the building resembled a nobleman\u2019s palace both outside and by its interior. This is probably why it became known as the Toompea Palace in the end of the 18th century. Later this name has been used also to denote the whole complex of buildings at Toompea.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wpcms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/11\/Pikk-Hermann-l%C3%B5unast.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_2619-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Southern wing of Toompea Castle\n\" class=\"wp-image-257964\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_2619-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_2619-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_2619-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_2619-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_2619-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Southern wing of Toompea Castle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Southern wing of Toompea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_0569-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-257966\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_0569-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_0569-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_0569-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_0569-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/aFEP_0569-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Governor\u2019s Garden<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Originally there was an empty space between the walls of the southern part of Toompea, which was used as a pasture. When the province government building was constructed in the end of the 18th century, a public park called the Governor\u2019s Garden was founded on this land. It was one of the first public parks in Tallinn.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Originally the Governor\u2019s Garden stretched also in front of the Palace, but in the 1890s, during the height of Russification, an Orthodox church, the&nbsp;<strong>Nevski Cathedral&nbsp;<\/strong>was built there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The park got its present appearance during the reconstructions of 1936, when the Governor\u2019s Garden was brought into harmony with the new design of the southern wing. The supporting walls were built higher, and this lifted the garden on the same level as the square in front of the Palace. The plan of the garden was classical and stressed the new palace-like southern facade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toompea Castle is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Tallinn\u2019s Old Town.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Toompea Castle complex consists of four parts. The Riigikogu building is situated in the courtyard of the Castle. In the eastern part, there are the White Hall, and the rooms of the President of the Riigikogu, the committees and parliamentary groups. In the southern and western part, there are the offices of the members of the Riigikogu. The Chamber is in the Riigikogu building. In the northern part, there are the working rooms of the Chancellery of the Riigikogu. The castle complex consists of buildings of different styles. It got its present outlook in the course of many centuries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":251308,"parent":4985,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5210","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Toompea Castle and Riigikogu building &#8211; Riigikogu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/visit-us\/toompea-castle\/toompea-castle-riigikogu-building\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Toompea Castle and Riigikogu building &#8211; Riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Toompea Castle complex consists of four parts. The Riigikogu building is situated in the courtyard of the Castle. In the eastern part, there are the White Hall, and the rooms of the President of the Riigikogu, the committees and parliamentary groups. In the southern and western part, there are the offices of the members of the Riigikogu. The Chamber is in the Riigikogu building. In the northern part, there are the working rooms of the Chancellery of the Riigikogu. The castle complex consists of buildings of different styles. It got its present outlook in the course of many centuries.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/visit-us\/toompea-castle\/toompea-castle-riigikogu-building\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-09-14T09:04:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/Riigikogu-hoone-248x435-2017.-Foto-Jaan-Janesmae-236x185-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"236\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"185\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/visit-us\\\/toompea-castle\\\/toompea-castle-riigikogu-building\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/visit-us\\\/toompea-castle\\\/toompea-castle-riigikogu-building\\\/\",\"name\":\"Toompea Castle and Riigikogu building &#8211; 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