{"id":5130,"date":"2026-04-29T14:56:44","date_gmt":"2026-04-29T11:56:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/?page_id=5130"},"modified":"2026-09-01T19:07:55","modified_gmt":"2026-09-01T16:07:55","slug":"introduction-and-history","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction and history"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-lg-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Riigikogu is the representative body of the nation. Its 101 members are elected by the people. Under the Constitution, the Riigikogu is the holder of legislative power. The Riigikogu has 101 members which is approximately the cube root of the number of people in Estonia with the right to vote. The mandate of a Member of the Riigikogu commences on the day of the announcement of the election results.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-xl-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most important tasks of the Riigikogu as a national assembly is to adopt resolutions, carry out parliamentary supervision and conduct foreign relations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/4759454d830526153073626959fad82186902b15.png\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0ddedb66 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\"><a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/what-is-riigikogu\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      What is Riigikogu?\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/structure-of-the-riigikogu\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline wp-container-content-79286276\"\n    >\n      Structure\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/legislative-work\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      Legislation\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/what-does-riigikogu-do\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      What does Riigikogu do?\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/parliament-of-estonia\/seating-plan\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      Seating plan\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/elections-of-the-riigikogu\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      Elections of the Riigikogu\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/parliament-of-estonia\/composition\/numbers-talk\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      Numbers talk\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/foreign-relations\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      Foreign relations\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  \n\n<a\n      href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/introduction\/parliamentary-supervision\/\"\n            class=\"flex items-center gap-4 no-underline! h5 p-8 bg-brand-blue-5 rounded focus-outline\"\n    >\n      Parliamentary supervision\n      <arrow-right-icon size=\"5\"><\/arrow-right-icon>\n    <\/a>\n  <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section\n    class=\"my-12\"\n    aria-labelledby=\"focus-title-block_c550850241e1bebbe1d18db852a2b5e3\"\n  >\n    <div class=\"xl:container xl:mx-auto px-4\">\n      <div class=\"flex items-start flex-wrap justify-between gap-4 mb-6 lg:mb-8\">\n        <h2\n          id=\"focus-title-block_c550850241e1bebbe1d18db852a2b5e3\"\n          class=\"text-2xl lg:text-3xl font-bold m-0 w-full md:w-auto\"\n        >History of Riigikogu<\/h2>\n\n                  <btn\n            variant=\"outline\"\n            as=\"a\"\n            href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/history-of-the-riigikogu\/\"\n                        icon-arrow\n            class=\"shrink-0\"\n          >\n            See all\n          <\/btn>\n              <\/div>\n\n              <focus-carousel\n          :items='[{\"title\":\"15th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/parliament-of-estonia\\\/composition\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/aFEP_1525-scaled-1-1-768x460.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"2023-2025\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"14th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/14th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/aFEP_0787-scaled-1-1-768x486.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"14th Riigikogu\",\"date\":\"2019-2023\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"13th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/13th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/aFEP_8980-scaled-1-768x484.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"2015-2019\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"12th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/12th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/XII-koosseisu-avapilt-4.-aprill-2011-1024x732-1-1-768x549.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"2011-2015\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"11th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/11th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/XI-Riigikogu-koosseisu-lopupilt-23.-veebruar-2011-1024x717-1-1-768x538.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"2007-2011\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"10th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/10th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/X-Riigikogu-koosseisu-avapilt-kevad-2003-1024x620-1-1-768x465.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"2003-2007\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"9th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/9th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/IX-Riigikogu-koosseisu-lopupilt-20.-veebruar-2003-1024x687-1-1-768x515.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"1999-2003\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"8th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/8th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/VIII-Riigikogu-koosseisu-avapilt-11.-marts-1995-1024x707-1-1-768x530.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"1995-1999\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"7th Riigikogu\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/7th-riigikogu\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/VII-Riigikogu-koosseisu-uhispilt-1.-marts-1995-1024x680-1-1-768x510.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"1992-1995\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"Constitutional Assembly\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/constitutional-assembly\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/02\\\/Pohiseaduse_assamblee.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"1991-1992\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"Supreme Soviet of the ESSR\\\/ Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/supreme-soviet-essr-supreme-council-republic-estonia\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/08\\\/Eesti-lipp-Pika-Hermanni-tornis-990x430-1-1-768x334.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"1990-1992\",\"external\":false},{\"title\":\"6th Riigikogu (Chamber of Deputies and National Council)\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/en\\\/introduction-and-history\\\/history-riigikogu\\\/6th-riigikogu-chamber-deputies-national-council\\\/\",\"thumbUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.riigikogu.ee\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2015\\\/02\\\/Riigivolikogu-juhatuse-m\\u00f6\\u00f6bel-1938.jpg\",\"thumbAlt\":\"\",\"date\":\"1938-1940\",\"external\":false}]'\n          label=\"History of Riigikogu\"\n        ><\/focus-carousel>\n          <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Riigikogu is the representative body of the nation. Its 101 members are elected by the people. Under the Constitution, the Riigikogu is the holder of legislative power. The Riigikogu has 101 members which is approximately the cube root of the number of people in Estonia with the right to vote. The mandate of a Member of the Riigikogu commences on the day of the announcement of the election results.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5130","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Introduction and history &#8211; Riigikogu<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riigikogu.ee\/en\/introduction-and-history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Introduction and history &#8211; Riigikogu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Riigikogu is the representative body of the nation. 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