Estonian citizens elected X Riigikogu on March 2, 2003. Riigikogu was elected by 500.686 citizens out of 859.714 eligible voters, which is 58,24%.

963 persons ran as candidates in the Riigikogu elections. In the 11 nominated parties lists 952 persons ran as party nominated candidates and 16 persons ran as independent candidates.

Majority of the votes were cast in favour of the Estonian Centre Party – 125.709 votes (25,4%) and Res Publica, receiving 121.856 votes (24,6%). Both parties got 28 seats in the Riigikogu.

Pursuant to the Riigikogu Election Act, a required 5% threshold was exceeded by six political parties: Estonian Centre Party, Res Publica, Estonian Reform Party, Estonian People´s Union, Pro Patria Union and Social Democratic Party (formly People´s Party Mõõdukad).