The Riigikogu Rules of Procedure Act lists the Constitutional Committee as one of the standing committees of the Riigikogu.

The Committee acts as the leading committee during the legislative proceeding of draft Acts to amend the Constitution and Bills relating to the organisation of the activities of the Riigikogu, the President of the Republic, the Government of the Republic, courts, the Chancellor of Justice and the State Audit Office, the organisation of local governments and other administrative management issues, the public service, the administrative procedure, the state liability, the bases for granting Estonian citizenship, the legal status of aliens, the legal status of EU citizens, elections of the Riigikogu, the President of the Republic, the European Parliament and local government councils as well as other issues of public and administrative law that are relevant to the constitutional order of Estonia.